DARPA (Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency) may be the Big Dog of robotic cargo
transport for now, but that doesn't mean it's the only game in town. A
new design from the Italian Institute of Technology may look like the
Army's pack-bot, but it runs like a Ferrari - or at least, a
skittering, mechanical Ibex. Led
by Professor Darwin Caldwell, a team from the IIT's department of
Advanced Robotics has spent nearly half a decade designing, building,
and testing the meter-long, 70 kilogram hydraulically-driven quadruped
HyQ. Being hydraulically activated and constructed from
lightweight aluminum, the HyQ is one of a handful of robots capable of
the instantaneous corrections needed for off-road deployment. It employs
12 active joints - eight hydraulically powered and four electrically
powered to generate the necessary torque for moving nimbly over rough
terrain. And boy - can it move!
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RED
ALERT
SCIENTISTS CREATE
LETHAL BIRD FLU THAT IS TRANSMISSIBLE BETWEEN HUMANS . . . THEN TELL WORLD HOW
TO FABRICATE IT FOR GIGA DEATH
The emergence of the
Avian flu in 2003 caused alarm around the world as it spread throughout
countries in Asia, leaving victims in its wake. While it was largely
contained to the bird population, the flu proved deadly for the
relatively few humans unlucky enough to catch it. Now two groups,
of perhaps seemingly mad scientists, have successfully modified the
H5N1 virus so that it could be passed easily between humans. One of
them has already published the work for all the world to see, and the
second is soon to follow. What kind of dangers will materialize in a
world where the laboratory formulas for super flus and other potential
bio weapons are out in the open? Of the 603 people infected since the
2003 H5N1 outbreak, 356 have died - a 59 percent mortality
rate. (By comparison, the Great Flu Pandemic of 1918 that claimed
the lives of over 50 million people, had a mortality rate of just 2 percent).
Still, people could take solace in the fact that while very well suited
to being passed between birds, the flu was not effective at passing from
human to human luckily. Until now.
Yoshihiro Kawaka (w.vetmed.wisc.edu/people/kawaokay/)at
the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Ron Touchier (w.Erasmus.n) at
Erasmus University in the Netherlands have both been able to modify the
virus so that it now is easily transmitted between humans.
Understandably, some are none too happy. The wisdom of making the DNA
sequence of a potentially very deadly virus public was discussed
extensively in the media and behind closed public health office doors in
the months prior to publication. The University of Pittsburgh’s D. A.
Henderson, who helped eradicate smallpox, issued an editorial last
December in response to the 'ominous news', arguing that the benefits of
this work do not outweigh the risks. That same month the World Health
Organization expressed deep concern about the possible risks and misuses
associated with this research and about the potential negative
consequences. Also in December, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
provoked concerns further by being clear that we’re all talking about
terrorists, citing evidence in Afghanistan that…"al Qaeda…made
a call to arms for brothers with degrees in microbiology or chemistry to
develop a weapon of mass destruction.’”
The growing concern and
condemnation seemed justified when the December tumult concluded with a
ruling by the National Science Advisory Board for Bio-security (NSABB),
that both Kawaoka’s and Fouchier’s paper also in the works be
censored
and that the mutations shouldn’t be published lest terrorist groups be
given the secret formula for a super flu. Now the debates raged
within the scientific community with one side rejecting the censoring of
science in any form and the other side echoing
D. A. Henderson’s doubt that the research was even merited in the
first place. Long story short, the advisory board reversed their ruling
in March after receiving ‘revised’ versions of Kawaoka and Fouchier’s
papers. However, all the mutation data is still there. The key to Kawaoka’s
(controversial yet FBI-approved) breakthrough was a viral protein called
hem agglutinin that affects the ability of a virus to bind
host cells. The hem agglutinin in H5N1 was well-suited to promote
transmission of the virus between birds but not between humans.
Kawaoka produced millions of H5N1 variants in which the hem agglutinin
was mutated in different ways. When they screened the variants they
found a version that, unlike its naturally-occurring counterpart, was
very good at infecting human cells in a petri dish.
The hem agglutinin of the
human-targeting H5N1 virus showed four new mutations. Three of the
mutations changed the shape of the protein from its normal shape and the
fourth changed the pH level at which the virus attaches to cells and
injects their genetic material. Sifting through the millions of
mutations revealed a secret molecular formula for gaining deadly entry
into human cells. To maximize the lethality of their creation,
the team combined the mutated gene with the seven remaining genes (flu
viruses have a total of eight genes) of a particularly transmittable flu
virus; specifically, from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus. And then they gave the
modified viruses to ferrets. The new virus worked ‘beautifully,’
rapidly infecting ferrets separately housed in different cages. Assuming
ferrets are a good model for viral transmission among other mammals,
like humans, the scientists would have taken a virus that was relatively
harmless to humans and turned it into a Franken-flu with a monstrous
potential for harm were it ever to get out.
The paper, detailing with what
mutations went where was published May 2nd in the journal Nature. So
should we be concerned about the world knowing that switching
asparagine-224 to a lysine and a few other like-changes turns a
relatively harmless bird disease into a super bug threat for humans? A
couple months ago during one of our Google hangouts, we brought up the
debate to New York Times Science columnist and writer of The Loom, Carl
Zimmer. He wrote a book about viruses before he passed last
year. He remarked, “I
can sleep at night knowing that’s going on, but I don’t rule out the
danger of it. On the other hand I do think there’s a danger in totally
stifling this type of research. If somebody did release some sort of
horrible bio-weapon we would probably find a vaccine or cure if this
information was available to people as easily and quickly as possible so
that you’re essentially crowd sourcing a solution as opposed to, say,
if anybody wants this data you’re going to have to fill out three
thousand pages of paperwork and then we’ll get back to you, and in the
meanwhile another thousand people have died.” The
practicalities of a quick and effective response aside, Zimmer isn’t
too alarmed by the threat of a super bug let loose in the first place.
“I think an argument could be
made that [a virus] is a pretty lousy bio-weapon. There’s good chance
that if you were trying to make a very virulent kind of flu, you might
very well be the first person to die. But let’s imagine you were able
to transport it to some other country and unleash it. Take a look at
what happened in 2009 with the Swine Flu. It was first noticed in
Mexico, and by the time scientists really had a good handle on it in
Mexico, we now know that it was already all over the world, because
people had been getting on planes and going all over the place. So if
some horrible person unleashed a very virulent flu in New York, a lot of
people would get on planes and go back to that terrorist’s home
country trying to escape the flu.” Of
course, anyone willing to unleash a virulent flu in New York might not
have cared to think these matters through.
And the second recipe, Fouchier’s,
which will be published shortly in Science, is rumored to
formulate an H5N1 virus even more lethal than Kawaoka’s.
Fouchier’s group took a slightly different strategy by jumpstarting it
with mutations that fostered its transmission from birds to ferrets, but
then instead of screening for mutations that made the virus
transmissible between ferrets, they took viruses from sick ferrets and
injected them into healthy ferrets. Mimicking the way the viruses adapt
in nature the viruses mutated as they were artificially transmitted from
ferret to ferret, until they began transmitting on their own. As
Fouchier told the New Scientist, his flu is transmitted as
efficiently as seasonal flu. With a near 60 percent mortality, let’s
hope his observation is never confirmed. The seasonal flu already leaves
between 250,000 and 500,000 around the world dead each year.
But the method by which Fouchier’s
bird flu was created could be considered an argument for creating super
flus in the lab in the first place. Injecting viruses from sick ferrets
into healthy ones until they adapted simulates is the worst case
scenario for humans. Conceivably, all it would take for the
bird-to-human H5N1 to become a human-to-human H5N1 would be a finite
number of transmissions between humans. As with the ferrets, the virus
would adapt. How many direct contact transmissions would it need before
it became airborne? The virus passed between Fouchier’s ferrets
needed just ten transmissions.
Ten transmissions and five
mutations – one more than Kawaoka’s virus needed. Either way, it’s
a very short jaunt along evolution’s path to go from a relatively
benign bird flu to the potentially most destructive infectious agent
ever to face humanity. So if similar mutations are needed to make the
virus airborne between humans, knowing ahead of time what those
mutations are, as Zimmer pointed out, gives us a head start in creating
a vaccine.
A good enough reason? You tell me.
But in the end it doesn’t really matter which side of the issue you’re
on because the super flu recipe is already out there. We know it’s the
first of two, and we can bet that other publications will follow that
are potential bio- weapon cheat sheets for horrible persons. Surely the
debate will rage on as these papers come out, with one side saying
benefits don’t outweigh risk - the other side saying we can’t afford
to not be prepared.
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JUDGE NAPOLITANO:
Shoot Down A Drone - Become A Hero
Fox News commentator
Judge Andrew Napolitano has found a novel approach to handling the whole
drone surveillance dilemma that has Americans worried that the
government will soon watch their every move from the sky. Speaking out
against the future of aerial eavesdropping in America, Judge Napolitano
said on Fox News,
“The first
American patriot that shoots down one of these drones that comes too
close to his children in his backyard will be an American hero.”
Congress is currently
working alongside defense contractors, the Federal Aviation
Administration and local law enforcement agencies across the country,
among others, to draft plans to put unmanned aerial aircraft into US sky
in the near future. The FAA believes that, at this rate, 30,000 small,
remote-controlled drones could be above the homes of every American.
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ROBOTIC SPY BLIMP
Upstart Virginia
aerospace firm Mav6 is offering to install guided missiles on the
massive, robotic spy blimp it’s building for the Air Force. The idea
would only be slightly terrifying, if the massive airship was headed to
Afghanistan, as originally planned. But Mav6 and its CEO, a respected
retired Air Force general, are also promoting the giant airship for
homeland security missions over U.S. soil. In that way, today’s war
blimp could become tomorrow’s all-seeing, lethal Big Brother.
Capable of hovering at 20,000 feet for a week at a time while
carrying radars, cameras, radio links and computer processors - the
'most powerful' of their type in existence - the Blue Devil 2 airship
can also be fitted with weapons modules, according to marketing material
provided by Mav6.
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IMMORTAL AVATAR:
RUSSIAN PROJECT SEEKS TO CREATE ROBOT WITH HUMAN BRAIN
Inspired by director James Cameron’s idea, a Russian businessman has
launched his own Avatar project. Hundreds of researchers are involved in
creating a prototype of a human-like robot which would be able to
contain the human consciousness. In creating the Russia 2045 movement,
Dmitry Itskov did not mean to use Avatars to explore new planets. His
ultimate goal is to make immortality possible by transplanting
the brain and its personality into a robotic body. The
immortality project consists of four stages, and a team of researchers
in the Moscow suburb of Zelenograd is currently working on the
first one. About 100
scientists are already involved in the initiative, striving to bring the
concept together, and Itskov is planning to hire even more during the
upcoming stages.
There’s an ongoing debate among
neuroscientists, cognitive scientists, and even philosophers as to
whether or not we could ever construct or reverse engineer the human
brain. Some suggest it’s not possible; others argue about the best way
to do it; and still others have already begun working on it.
Regardless, it’s fair to say that ongoing breakthroughs in brain
science are steadily paving the way to the day when an artificial brain
can be constructed from scratch. And if we assume that cognitive
functionalism holds true as a theory - the idea that our brains are a
kind of computer - there are two very promising approaches worth
pursuing. Interestingly, the two approaches come from two
relatively different disciplines: cognitive science and neuroscience.
One side wants to build a brain with code, while the other wants to
recreate all the brain’s important functions by emulating it on a
computer. It’s anyone’s guess at this point in time as to who will
succeed and get there first . . if either of them.
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BITS AND
PIECES
THE WINDSOR HUM
Last month, Bob Dechert, a senior
aide to Canada's foreign minister, was dispatched to Detroit with an
important diplomatic mission: to stop a highly-annoying noise. The
so-called Windsor hum, described as a low-frequency rumbling sound, has
rattled windows and knocked objects off shelves in this border community
just across the Detroit River from the Motor City. Locals have said it
sounds like a large diesel truck idling, a loud boom box, or the bass
vocals of Barry White. Residents in Windsor, Ontario, have blamed the
hum for causing illness, whipping dogs into frenzies, keeping cats
housebound and sending goldfish to the surface in backyard ponds. Many
have resorted to switching on their furnace fan all season to drown out
the noise. Many people have offered their theories; the most
alarming explanation stating it is the sound of shifting plates around
the world because of the planet's response to changes in the
magnetic field and solar flares.
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MONSANTO
SCAM
Biotechnology's promise to feed
the world did not anticipate 'Trojan corn', 'super weeds', and the
disappearance of monarch butterflies. But in the Midwest and South -
blanketed by more than 170 million acres of genetically engineered corn,
soybeans and cotton - an experiment begun in 1996 with approval of the
first commercial genetically modified organisms is producing
questionable results. Those results include vast increases in herbicide
use that have created impervious weeds now infesting millions of acres
of cropland, while decimating other plants, such as milkweeds that
sustain the monarch butterflies. Food manufacturers are worried that a
new corn made for ethanol could damage an array of packaged food on
supermarket shelves. Other adulterated foods not publicized are
genetically engineered potatoes combined with moth DNA (Why ??? and
UGH!) goat milk with spider hormones, cloned 'Dolly' sheep, soy
contamination, and a list of many other hidden food alterations.
Human negative effects may not be seen until ten years into the future.
And they dare criticize the obesity of the American public who they are
covertly poisoning.
Read this article
concerning Monsanto . . .
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SOCIALIST OBAMA
The Obama campaign may have looked
into history when selecting its new campaign slogan, 'Forward' - a
word with a long and rich association with European Marxism. Many
Communist and radical publications and entities throughout the 19th and
20th centuries had the name Forward or its foreign cognates. Wikipedia
has an entire section called Forward (generic name of socialist
publications). "The name 'Forward' carries a special meaning in
socialist political terminology. It has been frequently used as a name
for socialist, communist and other left-wing newspapers and
publications," the online encyclopedia explains. The slogan
Forward! reflected the conviction of European Marxists and radicals that
their movements reflected the march of history, which would move forward
past capitalism and into socialism and communism.
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THE VATICAN
To better understand the
significance of Rome’s recent assertiveness, one must view the church
in the context of its historical attempts to establish its universality.
It is a church with global ambition. And frankly, those periods
where it has aggressively exercised its influence have been some of
mankind’s darkest. However, even looking just at this history only
provides a partial view. To really see what is taking place, one must
also look through the lens of biblical prophecy. The Roman
Catholic Church holds a monumental place in the Bible’s
narrative of end-time events. It is described as ascending to once again
attain a position of influence such as it has had at several points in
its past, uniting with world leaders, summoning armies under the banner
of the cross, using its spiritual clout to steer the political and
military might of nations into helping it accomplish its goals.
Scripture actually portrays this church as a woman sitting on 'many
waters', signifying a globalist reign. It also shockingly depicts the
church as a beast - but with a twist. It will not appear
as a beast: It looks like a lamb - innocent, just, and righteous in the
eyes of most people. It projects itself as being like the Lamb of God,
Jesus Christ. This however, is the worst possible deception: It speaks
like a dragon (Revelation 13:11) - and it is what comes out of the
mouth that reveals the true nature of the heart.
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Pope stands side by
side with Cardinal “Peter The Roman’ amidst Scandal
Pope Benedict and his
deputy, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, regarded as the chief target of
campaign leaks, appeared side by side on Friday at the start of a visit
to Milan that is unlikely to provide any respite from the scandal. In
his speech, the Pontiff made no reference to the scandal, which exploded
last week when his butler was arrested for stealing his private
documents. Many Vatican insiders believe the butler
is merely a scapegoat in a poisonous power struggle between Bertone's
allies and enemies. Earlier this week, Benedict renewed his trust in his
closest collaborators, which many interpreted as a gesture of support
for Bertone, the Vatican's powerful secretary of state/prime minister.
The publication of embarrassing details about men Bertone has appointed
or moved out and projects he has promoted or opposed suggests a
concerted effort to force him out of his post.
Pope Benedict didn't rest on Sunday from another leak concerning the
scandal. An Italian newspaper published documents showing that his
butler was not the only person in possession of confidential
correspondence indicating a Vatican in disarray. In its Sunday edition,
the Rome newspaper, La Repubblica, published documents it said it had
received anonymously after the arrest of the pope's butler on May 23rd.
A note received by the newspaper said, "Tthere were hundreds more
documents and that the butler, Paolo Gabriele, was just a
scapegoat." The furor over the leaked correspondence, which
shows power-hungry cardinals scheming within the walls of the
city/state, has gripped the Vatican just as it was recovering from a
long-running scandal over sexual abuse by Roman Catholic priests in the
United States, Ireland and other countries.
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to be continued . . .